Updated
Cokoo
CokooPeace Corps The Gambia, Mandinka–English Dictionary (1995), 12; David P. Gamble, Intermediate Gambian Mandinka–English Dictionary (1987), 23. is a game from The Gambia; the name itself seems to be Mandinkan.
The name is also seen written as Chokō,Henry Parker, Ancient Ceylon (1909), 604. Chukoo, or Chokoo.@pakalindingvillagemandinka5336, ‘Chokoo game’ (2020).
This game was first described in print in the early 20th century,Parker, Ancient Ceylon, 604. and it is still played today.@pakalindingvillagemandinka5336, ‘Chokoo game’. Sometimes it has been referred to as “African checkers”,George Schwab, Tribes of the Liberian Hinterland (1968), fig. 100. but that name is also used to refer to other games such as those of the Mancala family.
Play
The game is played on a 5×5 grid of 25 holes dug into sand or loose earth. Each player has a set of sticks (kala) which are used as playing pieces by inserting one end into the ground. The sticks do not need to be differentiated from each other as each player places their pieces on a different angle. The sole source for rules of this game does not state how many sticks are to be used, but presumably both players have 12 pieces.
To begin, players take turns placing a stick one at a time, until one player decides to begin the next phase of the game. UsuallyParker, Ancient Ceylon, 604. this occurs when each player has one stick remaining. Any remaining sticks can be placed as a player’s turn at any point later.
For the second phase of the game, each player takes one of their sticks and jumps it orthogonally over an adjacent opponent’s stick into an empty hole, and removes both the jumped stick and any other of the opponent’s sticks from the board. The player who first runs out of all of their sticks loses.
It is not stated by the key source, but presumably the players may also move a stick one square orthogonally instead of jumping.
Similar games
Yoote is a very similar game from neighbouring Senegal, which lacks the “dropping” phase of Chokoo. Sīja is also very similar but capture is by enclosure rather than jumping. Kōnane from Hawaiʻi also has similar jumping gameplay.
See also
General references: the game is also re-described in A History of Board-Games Other Than Chess (§4.4.5, p. 83), but I think Murray misinterprets the description of the game.
References
@pakalindingvillagemandinka5336 (). ‘Chokoo game’ [archived]. On the website YouTube (accessed ).
Gamble, David P. (). Intermediate Gambian Mandinka–English Dictionary [archived]; Gambian Studies number 21. San Francisco.
Murray, H. J. R. (). A History of Board-Games Other Than Chess. Oxford University Press: Oxford, England, UK. ISBN: 0-19-827401-7.
Parker, Henry (). Ancient Ceylon. Luzac & Co.: London, UK.
Peace Corps The Gambia (). Mandinka–English Dictionary [archived]. Peace Corps The Gambia: Banjul, The Gambia.
Schwab, George (). Tribes of the Liberian Hinterland, edited by George W. Harley; Papers of the Peabody Museum of American Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University volume 31. Peabody Museum: Cambridge, MA, USA. First published in 1947.